HMGB1 and myocardial infarction: HMGB1 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in PBMCs from MI patients six months after the first MI compared to controls (0.038 ± 0.015 vs. 0.028 ± 0.009, p = 0.005) (Figure 1A), while TGF-β1 and BIRC3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (0.510 ± 0.155 vs. 0.600 ± 0.168, p = 0.02 and 0.014 ± 0.007 vs. 0.016 ± 0.007, p = 0.05), respectively (Figure 1B,C).