Monocytes and lymphocytes isolated from patients with T2DM with a 5-year or shorter course (SDM group) and patients with a course of more than 5 years (LDM group) display increased surface CCR5 lymphoid ratios in both groups and increased CCR5 mononuclear ratios in the LDM group, compared with those in the SDM group and the control group [78]. The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.