IL1B and Sepsis: Studies in mice indicate that TNF and IL-1 may enhance the procoagulant response to sepsis by suppressing protein C synthesis at the tissue level, i.e., injection of recombinant TNF into mice resulted in decreased protein C mRNA expression in the liver, kidney, and testes; IL-1 administration was associated with decreased protein C mRNA expression in the liver and testes, but not the kidney [461].