Beyond its involvement in PD, the presence of Pg is linked to an extensive array of organ-specific and systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetic retinopathy [28], non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [29], and various cancers. Here, JUP is linked to diabetic retinopathy.