GSDMD and neoplasm: While much of the evidence suggests that Fn contributes to tumor progression, Fn-derived OMVs have been shown to induce PANoptosis, a form of inflammatory programmed cell death, in tumor cells by upregulating the executioner proteins gasdermin D/E (GSDMD/E) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), both of which inhibit ubiquitination [134].