PTGS2 and peripheral nerve injury: Furthermore, Chen et al. [129] highlighted that the administration of 300 mg/kg of valproic acid demonstrated an anti-neuroinflammatory effect by reducing pNFκB (phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB)/iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase)/COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) activation and preventing pAKT (phosphorylated protein kinase B)/pGSK-3β (phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β)-mediated neuronal death resulting from peripheral nerve injury in rats with CCI (chronic constriction injury).