HIF1A and metabolic syndrome: Moreover, the MetS group and the MetS + OVX group resulted in reduced angiogenesis, neurogenesis, inhibited activation of NO, and induced expressions of oxidative markers in the bladder via the NFκB signaling pathway, while L-arginine treatment could reduce the extent of these expressions and improve those via the NRF2/HIF-1α signaling pathway in MetS with or without OHD-induced OAB.