The above findings demonstrated that MetS with or without OHD enhanced the generation of oxidative stress mediated through the NFκB signaling pathway, whereas L-arginine offered a beneficial effect on lessening MetS and OHD-related oxidative damages via the NRF2/HIF-1α signaling pathway in a rat model of MetS and OHD-induced OAB. Here, NFKB1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.