The intake of milk and dairy products has been related to a higher risk of breast and prostate cancers, due to their positive association with systemic levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, which are implicated in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), EMT, local migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.