LTF and breast cancer: Ramezani et al. (2023) showed that bovine milk lactoferrin-loaded exosomes induce selective toxicity against BC cells compared to normal cells and that incorporating lactoferrin into exosomes could have an antitumorigenic role through inducing the overexpression of the proapoptotic BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) protein and diminishing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in the human MDA-MB-231 BC cell line, following exoLF treatment [65].