HIF1A and infection: This is indicated by the works of Bandarra et al. and Lin et al., who proved, respectively, that HIF-1α, by regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity, contributes to maintaining the immune balance by counteracting excessive pro-inflammatory reactions in response to infection and may also contribute to improving the effectiveness of the innate antibacterial response [59,65].