LPA and atrial fibrillation: Analyzing data from 20,432 patients in the UK Biobank, Shemirani et al. found that higher Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; p < 0.01), implicating Lp(a) as a potential causal mediator [21].