The gastrointestinal tract, which represents the largest surface of contact with the external environment, has the largest immune cell population and neural network in the body, and the immensely diverse ecosystem that constitutes the gut microbiota comprises a complex scenario in which P2X7 is expected to have an even more intricate participation both in normal homeostasis and in pathological conditions, from inflammation to cancer. Here, P2RX7 is linked to cancer.