It has been found that CA treatment of LPS-induced Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) inhibited NLRP3 expression and reduced IL-1β and IL-18 levels while increasing NRF2 and HO-1 expression and reducing oxidative stress, suggesting that CA could attenuate inflammation in HGFs during periodontitis [126]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to periodontitis.