AKT1 and cancer: RAS, the most frequently varied gene in human cancer and the second in thyroid nodules [46], encodes guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, acts upstream BRAF and transmits a mitogen signal from the transmembrane tyrosine kinase membrane receptor to the nucleus via effectors in the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways [35,37].