Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is overexpressed in human cancers, including TC, able to modulate various processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration and acting both as tumor suppressor in the premalignancy phase and as an invasion and metastasis promoter in the advanced stage of cancer [19,115]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.