An in vitro study showed that in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients stimulated with a Nrf2 agonist, cellular lipid peroxidation was decreased, while mRNA expression of HO-1, NQO1 and GCLM was enhanced, showing an induced anti-oxidative response [77]. Here, HMOX1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.