NFE2L2 and acute kidney injury: For example, it has been shown that Nrf2 and its downstream target genes NQO1 and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine were activated in glomeruli in LN patients, and an increased expression of Nrf2 has also been observed in glomerulonephritis and in acute kidney injury [48,73].