IL1B and Granuloma: The results of Cohen, S B. et al. showed that when a subpopulation of Mtb-infected AMs undergoes the ESX-1-mediated activation of inflammasomes and IL-1 release, AMs infected by Mtb but not undergoing activation of inflammasomes are recruited to the lung interstitium by IL-1 released from other airway-resident AMs, and as they accumulate in the lung interstitium, they begin to form granulomas (Figure 2), setting the stage for Mtb to recruit monocyte-derived cells (MCs) and neutrophils, creating the conditions for dissemination [5].