Also, SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), called osteonectin or BM-40, which serves as an adhesive between collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals, has been described as altered in placentas of women with PE and intrauterine growth restriction in both cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytiotrophoblasts [92]. This evidence concerns the gene SPARC and fetal growth restriction.