Bi et al. observed increased serum BDNF levels and decreased STAT3 protein levels and phosphorylation in mice with diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis (DMAS), whereas the overexpression of BDNF reduced the expression of markers of M1 macrophages and increased the expression of markers of M2 macrophages [175,176]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.