TNF and Parkinson disease: Compared with that in sham mice, rTMS (10 Hz) therapy significantly reversed the decrease in the circulating proportion of Tregs in PD mice (302.44% increase in rTMS-treated PD mice vs. sham-treated PD mice, p < 0.0001 for Tregs, Fig. 2C, D), increased the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and TGF-β1 by 69.44% and 12.34%, respectively, deactivated microglia and decreased the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β by 28.41%, 24.40%, 30.48% and 22.78% in the ventral midbrain of PD mice, respectively (Fig. 2E-G).