Non-cell autonomous toxicity to MNs induced by cultured astrocytes harboring diverse ALS-causing gene mutations, including mutations in SOD1, TDP43, and C9ORF72, has also been extensively documented (Harten et al. 2021; Dittlau and Bosch 2023; Garcés et al. 2024). Here, SOD1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.