TNF and Alzheimer disease: Analysis of neuroinflammatory marker proteins also indicated that 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice contained higher levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the brain compared to the WT mice, while CC treatment obviously decreased the protein levels of NLRP3 and TNF-α in the AD mice (Fig. 4, B and D).