Notably, elevated levels of PPAR-α have been associated with diabetes, with chronic activation of PPAR-α resulting in a diabetic-like cardiac phenotype characterized by heightened fatty acid utilization alongside reduced glucose oxidation.165,180,224 Additionally, increased levels of PPAR-α have been demonstrated to exacerbate cardiac recovery impairment following ischaemia/reperfusion injury ex vivo. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is diabetes mellitus.