For advanced unresectable pleural mesothelioma the combination of ipilimumab, anti-CTLA 4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) antibody) and nivolumab, anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) antibody, has become the first-line treatment based on the clinical phase III trial CheckMate 743 [22]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is pleural mesothelioma.