Upon a comparison of LDH release in both phenotypes following infection, we observed lower levels of LDH release in cultures of Smurf1−/− BMDMs infected with MHV-A59 (Figure 1e), indicating that Smurf1−/− BMDMs demonstrated increased cell viability compared to wild-type macrophages upon viral infection. This evidence concerns the gene SMURF1 and viral infectious disease.