GSTM1 and coinfection: Age- and sex-matched children without co-infections (i.e., HIV-1 and bacteremia) with peripheral P. falciparum parasitemia (any density) were stratified into two groups based on Hb levels: Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL (non-SMA, n = 41) and Hb < 6.0 g/dL (SMA, n = 25).