In addition to the previously described KIM-1, they also examined cystatin-C (a marker of renal tubular dysfunction), angiotensinogen (related to the degree of tubulointerstitial damage in DKD), and NGAL (levels of urine NGAL are related to the severity of nephropathy and an increase is seen after acute kidney injury). This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and diabetic kidney disease.