In their post hoc analysis of the REGARDS study, in 594 patients with a history of stroke, DM, and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, it was shown that plasma markers of inflammation and tubular injury (plasma KIM-1) were associated with a higher risk of ESKD, independent of baseline eGFR and uACR. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.