Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3α, TGF-β1, and VEGF, are upregulated in HPV-related cervical cancer cells in vivo following the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-KB pathway [26]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cervical carcinoma.