TLR4 and cervical carcinoma: In following studies, the same authors used a mouse xenotransplantation model to study the role of TLR4 in cervical cancer in vivo, confirming that TLR4 expression is closely related to HPV-related cervical carcinoma [25]; moreover, TLR4 promoted cervical cancer growth and altered immune microenvironment both in vitro and in vivo, favoring cervical carcinoma development and progression.