INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is remarkable that the effects of 4-MU are reminiscent of metformin, a drug for treating T2D [65], which has been shown to enhance glucose control and insulin sensitivity [66,67] alongside with anti-aging effects at the cellular and organism levels [68], which are closely associated with improvements in aging hallmarks such as inflammation [69], autophagy [70], and cellular senescence [36,71,72].