PHGDH and neoplasm: KIF15 downregulation significantly reduces organoid growth, and its overexpression has been linked to a more aggressive tumor phenotype, including microvascular invasion, incomplete tumor capsulation, and larger tumors [25], suggesting a complex role in HCC tumorigenesis, involving the promotion of CSCs through a phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) alteration pathway [25].