In the resveratrol feeding group, reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of COX-2, iNOS, and prostaglandin-E synthase-1 were observed at the protein level [144] In DSS-induced colitis in rats, low-dose resveratrol treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition, increased the rates of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, and improved colitis. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is colitis.