NPPB and hydrops fetalis: The initial clinical study, CUPID trial (NCT00454818), showed that AAV1/SERCA2a intracoronary infusion had positive efficacy and safety in 39 patients with advanced HF (NYHA class III–IV; LVEF ≤ 30%), as evidenced by improvements in clinical outcomes, including NYHA class, 6 min walk test, peak maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), NT-proBNP levels, and LVESV, as well as an extended time to clinical events [161].