Yang et al. (2022) demonstrated that exosomes delivered with circ-Rps5 influenced SIRT7 and miR-124-3p, leading to microglia transitioning from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype in the presence of LPS. ADSC exosomes modified with circ-Rps5 enhanced cognitive function by reducing neuronal damage and promoting M2 microglia/macrophage polarization in the hippocampus. This study suggests that ADSC exosomes can attenuate acute ischemic stroke (AIS)-induced brain injury (Yang et al., 2022). The gene discussed is RPS5; the disease is androgen insensitivity syndrome.