For instance, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in certain hematologic malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while immune checkpoint blockade therapies (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) have shown significant anti-tumor activity in several solid tumors (Zheng et al., 2024; Morad et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.