Using atomic force microscopy, recent data reveal that the interactions between the APOE4-Aβ40 complex and the laminin component of vascular basement membranes are significantly weaker than APOE3-Aβ40 complexes, suggesting clearance of Aβ40 via IPAD is less efficient when in complex with APOE4, thus conferring higher risk for AD [17]. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.