VAMP8 and hydronephrosis: It is known that VAMP8 is co-immunoprecipitated with syntaxin3 and SNAP23 in vitro (Pombo et al., 2003), and that VAMP8 KO mice, like SNAP23, show reduced pancreatic exocrine secretion (Wang et al., 2004) and reduced transport of AQP2 in the kidney collecting duct to the apical surface, resulting in hydronephrosis (Wang et al., 2010).