NLRP3 and colitis: Akkermansia muciniphila produces acetate and propionate; furthermore, a recent study revealed that Amuc_2109, an enzyme secreted by A. muciniphila, attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, increases TJ protein expression, and decreases NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle expression in mice (Rodrigues et al., 2022; Qian et al., 2022).