NFE2L2 and diabetes mellitus: ISL, a chalcone-structured flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) species (Li et al., 2010), has been found to possess therapeutic properties in various diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and cancer through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway (Xiong D. et al., 2018; Gu et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2022).