The CD34+CD38-ALDH+ subset is mainly composed of LT-HSC (Long-term HSC), ST-HSC (Short-term HSC) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and in so-called ALDH-rare AML (a disease subtype comprising approximately 75% of all AML cases) devoid of leukemic cells28,37,38. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.