The IHC expression of markers commonly positive in adenocarcinomas (CK7 and TTF-1) in the squamous cell lines (HCC-95 and HCC-1588) and squamous markers (p40 and CK5) in the adenocarcinoma cell lines (NCI-H1975 and A549) were investigated for selected 3D substrates and is presented in Supplementary Figs. 5 and 6, respectively. Here, KRT5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.