CYCS and head and neck cancer: Mitochondria are important sites of cell metabolism and sensitive to oxidative stress for naked mtDNA and high ROS production.[37] Previous studies have showed that CAP treatment led to enhanced generation of intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c and activation of the MAPK pathway in head and neck cancer cells.[38] Panngom et al.