Despite the low frequency of circulating autoreactive CD4+ T cells in SSc, elevated Topoisomerase-1 specific CD4 T cells restricted among ATA positive patients with Th17 proinflammatory phenotype was reported to associate with SSc-ILD progression.[64] This opens up the possibility of B and T cell collaboration and disruption of this network may present a future therapeutic strategy. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and systemic sclerosis.