ALB and neoplasm: As shown in Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1, statistical analyses unveiled significant associations (p < 0.05) between LNM and pivotal factors, including tumor location, maximum tumor diameter, differentiation type, Borrmann type, depth of tumor invasion, neural invasion, vessel invasion, length of hospital stay, absolute monocyte count, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet (PLT), total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G), pre-albumin, PLR, LMR, SII, and PNI.