IL1B and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Following the administration of acetate, there was a notable decrease in the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and caspase-1. Conversely, the expression of GPR43 exhibited a large rise. In the BPD mice who received acetate treatment, there was a decrease in the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella compared to the BPD mice that received a placebo. Additionally, the abundance of Ruminococcus was found to be higher in the acetate-treated BPD animals.