The secretion of proinflammatory factors (HMGB1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) was increased, and the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was markedly reduced in the NEC group compared with the control and NEC + butyrate groups (Sun et al., 2021). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.