Of these, ATP6V0D1, CD74, TRIM27, TRAF1, XBP1, and ZBP1 showed higher expression in tumor tissues, while MLKL, VPS13C, and NFATC4 showed lower expression in tumor tissues (all p < 0.05), and the expression of GSTP1 did not show a significant difference between melanoma tissues and normal samples (Supplementary Figure 3). Here, ATP6V0D1 is linked to melanoma.