VEGFA and neoplasm: Endothelial cells are the primary source of VEGF-A secretion; however, other cell types such as astrocytes, macrophages, dendrocytes, thrombocytes, osteoblasts, lymphocytes, and tumour cells can also release it.36 It promotes the recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and granulocytes, increases the permeability of blood vessels, prevents cell death, and encourages cell growth.37 VEGF-B's contribution to angiogenesis is rather minor.