US FDA: United States Food and Drug Administration, ACL: adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HeFH: heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, PCSK9: proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HoFH: homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, siRNA: small interfering RNA, NIL: none, Cmax: maximum concentration, AUC: area under the curve. This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.