EGF and neoplasm: Analysis of the IBD patient data sets revealed that the expression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) was reduced in IBD patients compared to the healthy population.[64] EGF enemas have been proven effective in UC in a clinical trial.[80] Following the application of EGF‐secreting recombinant bacteria, there is an upregulation in levels[44] or phosphorylation of EGFR.[64] EGFR inhibitors attenuate the therapeutic effect of EGF‐EcN, demonstrating its effectiveness in reverse.[64] Local EGF secretion in the gut minimizes the risk of extraintestinal tumor formation.