Consistent with the previous animal data, we found that the expression levels of ChAT, CHT1, AChE, VAChT, and α4 and α7 nAChR were significantly lower in the VT/VF patient group than those in the sinus rhythm patient group, regardless of whether the underlying cause was ICM or DCM (Figure 7A). This evidence concerns the gene SLC18A3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.