While no VSD was found in nondiabetic Notch1fl/wt Tie2-Cre+ or Notch1fl/wt littermates, we found a significantly higher incidence of membranous VSD in E14.5 matDM-exposed Notch1fl/wt Tie2-Cre+ embryos (7/17, 41%) compared with non-Cre+ littermates (3/31, 9.7%, Fisher’s exact test P value = 0.022) (Figure 1, B and C). This evidence concerns the gene TEK and ventricular septal defect.