Focusing first on the comparison between insulin and GLP-1 RAs, patients receiving insulin had a higher 5-year HF rate of 29.3% (95% CI 28.9%‐29.7%) compared to patients receiving GLP-1 RAs, whose estimated 5-year HF rate was 17.5% (95% CI 16.8%‐18.2%). This evidence concerns the gene INS and hydrops fetalis.