B2M and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Observational studies have shown that β2M is independently associated with poor survival in patients with various B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; hazard ratio [HR]: 2.9-6.5) (10, 11), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL; 5-7 year overall survival rates were 52%-73%) (12, 13), follicular lymphoma (FL; HR: 2.9) (14), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; HR: 1.2-2.3) (15–17), and multiple myeloma (MM; HR: 1.8) (18).