TGFB1 and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: In recent years, the signaling pathways and intracellular and extracellular processes involved in the IPF disease process, such as TGF-β1/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and EMT, have been confirmed to be increasingly associated with ncRNAs [17, 26, 39].